Self-awareness—understood as the soul’s immediate, presential knowledge of its own essence—lays the groundwork for agency, volition, and the monitoring of inner states; consequently, through a process outlined in this paper, it is regarded as the root of human moral behavior. Avicenna establishes this concept via the "Flying Man" (or "Suspended Man") argument—a proof that, as noted by Kaukua, has long engaged the attention of moral philosophers and psychologists. This article begins by defining self-awareness. In this framework, self-awareness is an individual’s immediate, particular, unified, and error-free awareness of their own unique identity; it must never be reduced to mere emotional qualities or artificial mental constructs. It is also a concept linked to moral identity and serves as the direct foundation for moral behaviors that stem from moral dispositions. Subsequently, the relationship between self-awareness and human truth is articulated, and the impact of this relationship on moral identity is analyzed. Following an introduction to the fundamental components of the present study, serious criticisms leveled against Kawku'a are presented in two stages. First, it is noted that the primary criticism concerns the fact that, in Kawku'a’s interpretation—which draws upon Mulla Sadra’s doctrine of "substantial motion"—self-awareness lacks a genuine substantial counterpart and is merely a mental perception; this view is then critiqued through several arguments summarized in a table. In Transcendent Theosophy, self-awareness is the perception of "absolute humanity"—as opposed to "specific humanity" (a mental concept)—possessing a sublime, immaterial, and non-numerical unity of the soul; it is grasped prior to conceptual knowledge and necessarily corresponds to an external substantial reality (human identity). In the second stage, the implications of the relationship between self-awareness and human truth—as presented in Kaukoah’s interpretation regarding moral identity—will be critically evaluated through the presentation of several arguments.