نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری مدرسی اخلاق اسلامی. دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و ادیان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction:Agriculture is one of the pillars of food security, economic development,
and environmental sustainability. The Tooba Plan, launched in the early 2000s, was implemented to strengthen this sector. Although the plan has achieved certain successes in economic dimensions, it has also faced serious challenges such as land-use change, land grabbing, and unsustainable exploitation of resources. These problems, to some extent, can be attributed to neglect of ethical considerations. Accordingly, this study examines the Tooba Plan from the perspective of Islamic ethical values and principles, seeking to answer four key questions: According to Islamic teachings, what are the fundamental values regarding how humans should utilize the environment? How have these fundamental values been reflected, and under what ethical principles, in agricultural policy documents? To what extent have the identified values and ethical principles been incorporated into the executive bylaw of the Tooba Plan? Based on the identified values and ethical principles, and in reference to available field studies, what ethical considerations emerge in the implementation of the Tooba Plan?
Method: The ethical–environmental thought of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli was first selected as the foundation for identifying fundamental values. Subsequently, fourteen upstream policy documents related to agriculture and natural resources were analyzed in terms of ethical principles. Following this, the executive bylaw of the Tooba Plan was evaluated, and finally, field studies on the implementation and consequences of the plan were reviewed in order to provide a comprehensive picture of its ethical strengths and weaknesses.
Findings: Based on the views of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, four fundamental values were identified: preservation of environmental health and balance, justice in the utilization of natural resources, intergenerational justice and rights, and respect for non-human life. Corresponding ethical principles derived from these values were then traced in upstream agricultural policy documents. The findings revealed that upstream documents in the
field of natural resources primarily emphasized avoiding unsustainable exploitation
and maintaining ecological balance, and to some extent addressed the rights of future generations. However, intrinsic rights of living beings, wildlife and natural habitats, equitable access for social groups, and active participation of local communities were largely overlooked. At the implementation level, although the Tooba Plan has in some regions contributed to increased employment, household income, and land value, it has also generated adverse consequences such as rangeland degradation, loss of native species, land-use conversion for villas and land grabbing, decline of traditional livelihoods, and inequities in the land allocation process.
Discussion: The weakness in ethical considerations within the Tooba Plan has led to
its implementation being pursued primarily within the framework of economic interests.
The roots of these challenges can be traced back to the insufficient attention to ethical dimensions in upstream agricultural policy documents. Employing the framework of Islamic ethics can contribute to addressing these shortcomings and guiding future reforms.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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